Second Generation 1956-1963: Transistors Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers. The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer delivered to a business client, the U.S. The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices. Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts. First generation computers relied on machine language to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time. They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions. Read about each generation and the developments that led to the current devices that we use today.įirst Generation - 1940-1956: Vacuum Tubes The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. Each generation of computer is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operate, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices. INTRODUCTION The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices.
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